---
title: Ava says birds' bones are solid and heavy so they're strong. true? — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics
description: Ava says birds' bones are solid and heavy so they're strong. true? Test 12 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 12 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ava says birds' bones are solid and heavy so they're strong. true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ava, bones · **What happens:** say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/#t12).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t12:1
# text = Ava says birds' bones are solid and heavy so they're strong. true?
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	'	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
15	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ava |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | birds's bones |  |  |  |  | solid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | birds's bones *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | birds's bones *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, many bird bones are hollow, which makes them light

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t12:o1:1
# text = No, many bird bones are hollow, which makes them light
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many bird bones |  |  |  |  | hollow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary light=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, heavy bones help birds fly steadily

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t12:o2:1
# text = Yes, heavy bones help birds fly steadily
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	steadily	steadily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | heavy bones | birds |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | infinitive | birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | steadily *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, birds have no bones, only muscle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t12:o3:1
# text = No, birds have no bones, only muscle
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | birds | no bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only in birds that cannot fly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t12:o4:1
# text = Yes, but only in birds that cannot fly
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly** | can | birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/t11/)
- next →: [Birds: feathers, nests and flight, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/t13/)
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