---
title: A bird with very broad wings circles high without flapping on a sunn… — Birds: feathers, nests and flight · tree and pragmatics
description: A bird with very broad wings circles high without flapping on a sunny day. How does it stay up? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was righ
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird with very broad wings circles high without flapping on a sunny day. How does it stay up?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** it · **What happens:** flap, stay up

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A bird with very broad wings circles high without flapping on a sunny day.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:1
# text = A bird with very broad wings circles high without flapping on a sunny day.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	circles	circle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	flapping	flap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flap** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How does it stay up?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:2
# text = How does it stay up?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay up** | present · do-support | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rides on warm air rising from the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:o1:1
# text = It rides on warm air rising from the ground
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | It |  |  | warm air |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | warm air *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from ground=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is lighter than the air around it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:o2:1
# text = It is lighter than the air around it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | air |  | than the air; light *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is pulled up by the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:o3:1
# text = It is pulled up by the Sun
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull up** | present · passive | the Sun | It |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its hollow bones are filled with a light gas like a balloon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:73-birds-feathers-nests-flight:t4:o4:1
# text = Its hollow bones are filled with a light gas like a balloon
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | present · passive |  | Its hollow bones |  |  |  | with a light gas; like a balloon | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gas=Instrument |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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