---
title: how do sharks float with no swim bladder thingy — Fish, frogs and reptiles · tree and pragmatics
description: how do sharks float with no swim bladder thingy Test 11 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Fish, frogs and reptiles

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
how do sharks float with no swim bladder thingy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** sharks · **What happens:** float

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:74-fish-frogs-reptiles:t11:1
# text = how do sharks float with no swim bladder thingy
1	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
7	swim	swim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bladder	bladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	thingy	thingy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present · do-support | sharks |  |  |  |  | with no bladder thingy | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hold their breath at the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:74-fish-frogs-reptiles:t11:o1:1
# text = They hold their breath at the surface
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | They | their breath |  | the surface |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent breath=Theme at surface=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They fill their bones with air like birds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:74-fish-frogs-reptiles:t11:o2:1
# text = They fill their bones with air like birds
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fill	fill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | present | They | their bones |  |  |  | with air; like birds | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bone=Patient with air=Instrument |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sleep on the sea floor and never float

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:74-fish-frogs-reptiles:t11:o3:1
# text = They sleep on the sea floor and never float
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | They |  |  | the sea floor |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **float** | infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They keep swimming, and their skeleton is light bendy cartilage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:74-fish-frogs-reptiles:t11:o4:1
# text = They keep swimming, and their skeleton is light bendy cartilage
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	bendy	bendy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | gerund | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | their skeleton | light bendy cartilage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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