---
title: Milk left out for days turns sour. What caused it? — Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things · tree and pragmatics
description: Milk left out for days turns sour. What caused it? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 77 «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk left out for days turns sour. What caused it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Milk · **What happens:** leave out, turn, cause · **To what, where:** Milk

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This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 77 «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Milk left out for days turns sour.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:1
# text = Milk left out for days turns sour.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | participle |  | Milk *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **turn** | present | Milk |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What caused it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:2
# text = What caused it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past |  | Milk |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light changing its colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:o1:1
# text = Light changing its colour
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | gerund | Light *not said here* | Light's colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bacteria growing in the milk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:o2:1
# text = Bacteria growing in the milk
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund | Bacteria *not said here* |  |  | the milk |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in milk=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cup making it sour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:o3:1
# text = The cup making it sour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the cup | it |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The milk turning into water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things:t9:o4:1
# text = The milk turning into water
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund | the milk *not said here* |  |  | water |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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