---
title: Why are fossils much more common from animals that lived near lakes… — Dinosaurs and life long ago · tree and pragmatics
description: Why are fossils much more common from animals that lived near lakes and seas? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 78 «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Dinosaurs and life long ago

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why are fossils much more common from animals that lived near lakes and seas?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** fossils, animals · **What happens:** be, live · **To what, where:** lakes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 78 «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago:t3:1
# text = Why are fossils much more common from animals that lived near lakes and seas?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	near	near	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | fossils |  |  |  |  | from animals; common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | animals |  |  | lakes and seas |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near lake=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Land animals had no bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago:t3:o1:1
# text = Land animals had no bones
1	Land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Land animals | no bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were buried quickly in mud and sand

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago:t3:o2:1
# text = They were buried quickly in mud and sand
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past · passive |  | They |  | mud and sand |  | quickly *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish lived longer than land animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago:t3:o3:1
# text = Fish lived longer than land animals
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Fish |  |  |  |  | than land animals; long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water turns bones into stone at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago:t3:o4:1
# text = Water turns bones into stone at once
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Water | bones |  | stone |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent bone=Theme into stone=Source at once=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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