---
title: Ascertain the capacity which enables sharks to detect living animals. — Senses of animals: how they see, hear… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the capacity which enables sharks to detect living animals. Exam question 4 of lesson 79 «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the capacity which enables sharks to detect living animals.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, capacity, sharks · **What happens:** ascertain, enable, detect, live · **To what, where:** capacity, sharks, living animals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 79 «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/79-senses-of-animals/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:79-senses-of-animals:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the capacity which enables sharks to detect living animals.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	enables	enable	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	detect	detect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the capacity |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capacity=Topic |
| 2 | **enable** | present | the capacity | sharks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **detect** | to-infinitive | sharks *not said here* | living animals |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus |
| 4 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sense the heat of animals with their tongue

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:79-senses-of-animals:e4:o1:1
# text = They sense the heat of animals with their tongue
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sense	sense	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** | present | They | the heat of animals |  |  |  | with animals's tongue | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer heat=Stimulus |
| 2 | **heat** |  | animals |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sense the ultraviolet light of living animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:79-senses-of-animals:e4:o2:1
# text = They sense the ultraviolet light of living animals
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sense	sense	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ultraviolet	ultraviolet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** | present | They | the ultraviolet light of living animals |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus |
| 2 | **light** |  |  | living animals |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sense the magnetism of living animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:79-senses-of-animals:e4:o3:1
# text = They sense the magnetism of living animals
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sense	sense	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	magnetism	magnetism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** | present | They | the magnetism of living animals |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer magnetism=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sense the weak electricity made by living animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:79-senses-of-animals:e4:o4:1
# text = They sense the weak electricity made by living animals
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sense	sense	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** | present | They | the weak electricity |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer electricity=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the weak electricity *not said here* |  |  |  | by living animals | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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