---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Mirrors, shadows and colours · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reflection of light by a mirror? Exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 1 · Mirrors, shadows and colours

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reflection of light by a mirror?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** reflection

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reflection of light by a mirror?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reflection of light |  |  |  | of the following statements; by a mirror; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light is split into the colours of the rainbow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:e1:o1:1
# text = Light is split into the colours of the rainbow
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	split	split	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **split** | present · passive |  | Light |  |  |  | into the colours of the rainbow *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into colour=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light is reflected straight back whatever its angle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:e1:o2:1
# text = Light is reflected straight back whatever its angle
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obj	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present · passive |  | Light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light is absorbed and none is reflected

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:e1:o3:1
# text = Light is absorbed and none is reflected
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present · passive |  | Light |  |  |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect** | present · passive |  | none |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light is reflected at the same angle at which it arrives

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:e1:o4:1
# text = Light is reflected at the same angle at which it arrives
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	arrives	arrive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present · passive |  | Light |  | the same angle |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrive** | present | Light |  |  | the same angle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t13/)
- next →: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Mirrors, shadows and colours](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/)