---
title: Why are mirrors that bulge outwards used on cars? — Mirrors, shadows and colours · tree and pragmatics
description: Why are mirrors that bulge outwards used on cars? Test 5 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 5 · Mirrors, shadows and colours

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why are mirrors that bulge outwards used on cars?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mirrors · **What happens:** be, bulge, use · **To what, where:** mirrors, cars

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/#t5).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t5:1
# text = Why are mirrors that bulge outwards used on cars?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bulge	bulge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	outwards	outwards	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | mirrors |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bulge** | present | mirrors |  |  |  |  | outwards *property* | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | participle | mirrors *not said here* |  |  | cars |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They help the car go faster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t5:o1:1
# text = They help the car go faster
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | They | the car |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent car=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive | the car *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They make the driver's face look smaller

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t5:o2:1
# text = They make the driver's face look smaller
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
8	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | They | the driver's face |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | the driver's face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They make cars behind look closer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t5:o3:1
# text = They make cars behind look closer
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | They | cars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | cars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They show more of the road behind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t5:o4:1
# text = They show more of the road behind
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | They | more |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent more=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t4/)
- next →: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t6/)
- ↑ back to [Mirrors, shadows and colours](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/)