---
title: Which shows that light bends when it changes material? — Mirrors, shadows and colours · tree and pragmatics
description: Which shows that light bends when it changes material? Test 9 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 9 · Mirrors, shadows and colours

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which shows that light bends when it changes material?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** light · **What happens:** show, bend, change · **To what, where:** material · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 9 of lesson 84 «Mirrors, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t9:1
# text = Which shows that light bends when it changes material?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bend** | present | that light |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **change** | present | light | material |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spoon in water looks bent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t9:o1:1
# text = A spoon in water looks bent
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a spoon in water |  |  |  |  | bent *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shadow points away from a lamp

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t9:o2:1
# text = A shadow points away from a lamp
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point away** | present | a shadow |  |  | a lamp |  | away *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mirror shows writing reversed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t9:o3:1
# text = A mirror shows writing reversed
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a mirror | writing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent writing=Recipient |
| 2 | **reverse** | participle |  | writing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A black shirt gets hot in sunshine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:84-mirrors-shadows-colours:t9:o4:1
# text = A black shirt gets hot in sunshine
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | a black shirt |  |  | sunshine |  | hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t8/)
- next →: [Mirrors, shadows and colours, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/t10/)
- ↑ back to [Mirrors, shadows and colours](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/84-mirrors-shadows-colours/)