---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bala… — Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises balanced forces? Exam question 1 of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises balanced forces?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, balance · **To what, where:** balanced forces

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 85 «Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises balanced forces?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	balanced	balance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | balanced forces |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **balance** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are equal and opposite and do not change an object's movement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels:e1:o1:1
# text = They are equal and opposite and do not change an object's movement
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | equal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **change** | infinitive · do-support | They *not said here* | a object's movement |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent movement=Patient |
| 4 | **move** |  | a object |  |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They always cause an object to change direction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels:e1:o2:1
# text = They always cause an object to change direction
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | They | a object |  |  |  | always *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition object=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | direction |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They act only upon objects at rest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels:e1:o3:1
# text = They act only upon objects at rest
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	act	act	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present | They |  |  | rest |  | upon objects | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They always cause an object to speed up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels:e1:o4:1
# text = They always cause an object to speed up
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speed	speed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | They | a object |  |  |  | always *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition object=Patient |
| 2 | **speed up** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/t13/)
- next →: [Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Pushes, pulls, friction and wheels](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/85-pushes-pulls-friction-wheels/)