---
title: It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape. Dete… — Building strong things: bridges, tower… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape. Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid. Exam question 3 of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape. Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, addition · **What happens:** give, push out, determine, render · **To what, where:** It, square frame, shape, addition

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 86 «Building strong things: bridges, towers and shapes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/86-building-strong-things/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:1
# text = It is given that a square frame is readily pushed out of shape.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	square	square	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	readily	readily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **push out** | present · passive |  | a square frame |  | shape |  | readily *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme shape=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:2
# text = Determine the addition by which it may be rendered rigid.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the addition |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent addition=Topic |
| 2 | **render** | may · passive | the addition | addition |  |  |  | rigid *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heavier weight placed upon its top

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:o1:1
# text = A heavier weight placed upon its top
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | participle |  | a heavier weight *not said here* |  | weight's top |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent upon top=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A second square frame placed beside it and joined to it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:o2:1
# text = A second square frame placed beside it and joined to it
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
3	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
9	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | participle |  | a second square frame *not said here* |  | frame |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beside it=Destination |
| 2 | **join** | past | a second square frame |  | it |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to it=Co-Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A diagonal strut dividing it into two triangles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:o3:1
# text = A diagonal strut dividing it into two triangles
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	diagonal	diagonal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	strut	strut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	dividing	divide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | gerund | a diagonal strut *not said here* | strut |  | two triangles |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A coat of paint upon each side

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:86-building-strong-things:e3:o4:1
# text = A coat of paint upon each side
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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