---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Saving water and energy at home · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which saving hot water saves the most energy? Exam question 1 of lesson 89 «Saving water and energy at home» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of eac
---

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# Exam question 1 · Saving water and energy at home

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which saving hot water saves the most energy?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** saving · **What happens:** follow, characteris, save · **To what, where:** reason, hot water, energy

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 89 «Saving water and energy at home» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/89-saving-water-and-energy/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:89-saving-water-and-energy:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which saving hot water saves the most energy?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
13	saving	save	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
14	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	saves	save	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	19	advmod	_	_
19	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **save** | gerund |  | hot water |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 4 | **save** | present | saving | the energy |  |  |  | for the reason | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent energy=Theme for which=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hot water evaporates more slowly than cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:89-saving-water-and-energy:e1:o1:1
# text = Hot water evaporates more slowly than cold
1	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	evaporates	evaporate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **evaporate** | present | Hot water |  |  |  |  | than cold; slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold water requires no cleaning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:89-saving-water-and-energy:e1:o2:1
# text = Cold water requires no cleaning
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | Cold water | no cleaning |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cleaning=Precondition |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heating water uses a great deal of energy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:89-saving-water-and-energy:e1:o3:1
# text = Heating water uses a great deal of energy
1	Heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	compound	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | present | Heating water | a great deal of energy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deal=Patient |
| 3 | **deal** |  |  | energy |  |  |  |  | nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hot water is more costly to pump than cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:89-saving-water-and-energy:e1:o4:1
# text = Hot water is more costly to pump than cold
1	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pump	pump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hot water |  |  |  |  | costly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pump** | to-infinitive | Hot water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than cold | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Saving water and energy at home, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/89-saving-water-and-energy/t13/)
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