---
title: Ben predicts that heavier balls fall faster. He drops a heavy and a… — Being a scientist — fair tests, guesse… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ben predicts that heavier balls fall faster. He drops a heavy and a light ball of the same size and they land together. What should he conclude? Test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 91 «Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and
---

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# Test 5 · ★★★ · Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben predicts that heavier balls fall faster. He drops a heavy and a light ball of the same size and they land together. What should he conclude?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Ben, heavier balls, balls · **What happens:** predict, fall, drop, land, conclude · **To what, where:** heavy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 91 «Being a scientist — fair tests, guesses and evidence» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/91-being-a-scientist/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ben predicts that heavier balls fall faster.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:1
# text = Ben predicts that heavier balls fall faster.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	predicts	predict	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **predict** | present | Ben |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **fall** | present | heavier balls |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* He drops a heavy and a light ball of the same size and they land together.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:2
# text = He drops a heavy and a light ball of the same size and they land together.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drops	drop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	land	land	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | present | Ben | a heavy |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heavy=Theme |
| 2 | **land** | present | balls *= ball* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What should he conclude?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:3
# text = What should he conclude?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	conclude	conclude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conclude** | should | Ben |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His test must be broken

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:o1:1
# text = His test must be broken
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | must · passive |  | His test |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **test** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light ball must have been pushed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:o2:1
# text = The light ball must have been pushed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | must · perfect · passive |  | the light ball |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His prediction was wrong for these balls

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:o3:1
# text = His prediction was wrong for these balls
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	prediction	prediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His prediction |  |  |  |  | for this balls; wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **predict** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom prediction «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He should keep only the heavy ball result

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:91-being-a-scientist:t5:o4:1
# text = He should keep only the heavy ball result
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | should | He | the heavy ball result |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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