---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a newborn baby has more bone… — The human life cycle and growing up · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a newborn baby has more bones than an adult. Exam question 3 of lesson 92 «The human life cycle and growing up» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · The human life cycle and growing up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a newborn baby has more bones than an adult.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, newborn baby · **What happens:** identify, have · **To what, where:** principal reason, more bones

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 92 «The human life cycle and growing up» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/92-human-life-cycle/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:92-human-life-cycle:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a newborn baby has more bones than an adult.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	than	than	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | a newborn baby | more bones |  |  |  | for the principal reason; than a adult | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies possess a second skeleton

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:92-human-life-cycle:e3:o1:1
# text = Babies possess a second skeleton
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Babies | a second skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot skeleton=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adults grow no new bones after birth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:92-human-life-cycle:e3:o2:1
# text = Adults grow no new bones after birth
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Adults | no new bones |  |  | after birth |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bone=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certain bones are lost entirely in childhood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:92-human-life-cycle:e3:o3:1
# text = Certain bones are lost entirely in childhood
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · passive |  | Certain bones |  | childhood |  | entirely *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certain bones join together in the course of growth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:92-human-life-cycle:e3:o4:1
# text = Certain bones join together in the course of growth
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | Certain bones |  |  |  |  | in the course of growth; together *property* | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in course=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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