---
title: Identify the action by which air is drawn into the lungs. — Lungs, air and keeping fit · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the action by which air is drawn into the lungs. Exam question 3 of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Lungs, air and keeping fit

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the action by which air is drawn into the lungs.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, draw · **To what, where:** action, air, lungs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 93 «Lungs, air and keeping fit» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/93-lungs-air-keeping-fit/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:93-lungs-air-keeping-fit:e3:1
# text = Identify the action by which air is drawn into the lungs.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the action |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent action=Theme |
| 2 | **draw** | present · passive |  | which air |  |  |  | into the lungs *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient into lung=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diaphragm tightens and moves down, enlarging the chest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:93-lungs-air-keeping-fit:e3:o1:1
# text = The diaphragm tightens and moves down, enlarging the chest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diaphragm	diaphragm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tightens	tighten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	enlarging	enlarge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tighten** | present | the diaphragm |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **move down** | present | the diaphragm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **enlarge** | gerund | the diaphragm *not said here* | the chest |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chest=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart pumps air into the lungs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:93-lungs-air-keeping-fit:e3:o2:1
# text = The heart pumps air into the lungs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pumps	pump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pump** | present | the heart | air |  | the lungs |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme into lung=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diaphragm relaxes and moves up, shrinking the chest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:93-lungs-air-keeping-fit:e3:o3:1
# text = The diaphragm relaxes and moves up, shrinking the chest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diaphragm	diaphragm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	relaxes	relax	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	shrinking	shrink	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relax** | present | the diaphragm |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **move up** | present | the diaphragm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shrink** | gerund | the diaphragm *not said here* | the chest |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chest=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stomach pushes air upwards into the lungs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:93-lungs-air-keeping-fit:e3:o4:1
# text = The stomach pushes air upwards into the lungs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present | the stomach | air |  | the lungs |  | upwards *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme into lung=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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