---
title: Ascertain the principal reason for which bones are visible in an X-r… — Medicines, doctors and hospitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the principal reason for which bones are visible in an X-ray picture. Exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Medicines, doctors and hospitals» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Medicines, doctors and hospitals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the principal reason for which bones are visible in an X-ray picture.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, bones · **What happens:** ascertain, be · **To what, where:** principal reason, ray picture

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Medicines, doctors and hospitals» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/94-medicines-doctors-hospitals/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:94-medicines-doctors-hospitals:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the principal reason for which bones are visible in an X-ray picture.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | bones |  |  | a ray picture |  | for the principal reason; visible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bones give off their own light

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:94-medicines-doctors-hospitals:e3:o1:1
# text = Bones give off their own light
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | Bones | Bones's own light |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme |
| 2 | **light** |  | Bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X-rays pass through bones but not through soft parts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:94-medicines-doctors-hospitals:e3:o2:1
# text = X-rays pass through bones but not through soft parts
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | X rays |  |  | bones but soft parts |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through bone=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X-rays pass through soft parts but not through bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:94-medicines-doctors-hospitals:e3:o3:1
# text = X-rays pass through soft parts but not through bones
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | X rays |  |  | soft parts but bones |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through part=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X-rays colour the bones white

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:94-medicines-doctors-hospitals:e3:o4:1
# text = X-rays colour the bones white
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	colour	colour	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colour** | present | X rays | the bones |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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