--- title: Leo says Columbus was the first European to reach America. true? — Explorers and how the world was mapped · tree and pragmatics description: Leo says Columbus was the first European to reach America. true? Test 12 · ★★ of lesson 98 «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/t12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Explorers and how the world was mapped](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/) / t12 # Test 12 · ★★ · Explorers and how the world was mapped Leo says Columbus was the first European to reach America. true? **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Leo, Columbus · **What happens:** say, be, reach · **To what, where:** America · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 12 · ★★ of lesson 98 «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/#t12). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:98-explorers-mapping-the-world:t12:1 # text = Leo says Columbus was the first European to reach America. true? 1 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 Columbus Columbus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 7 amod _ _ 7 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 csubj _ _ 10 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ 12 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Leo | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | past | Columbus | | | | | european *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **reach** | to-infinitive | | America | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Yes, no European had been there before ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:98-explorers-mapping-the-world:t12:o1:1 # text = Yes, no European had been there before 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 European European PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 cop _ _ 7 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 0 root _ _ 8 before before ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past · perfect | no European | | | | | before, there *property* | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} Yes, he landed in North America in 1492 ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:98-explorers-mapping-the-world:t12:o2:1 # text = Yes, he landed in North America in 1492 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 4 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 landed land VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **land** | past | he | | | North America | | in 1492 | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in america=Destination | ### Option 3 {#o3} No, Magellan got there first ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:98-explorers-mapping-the-world:t12:o3:1 # text = No, Magellan got there first 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 4 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 Magellan Magellan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 6 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 4 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | past | Magellan | | | there | | first *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} No, Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached it about 500 years earlier ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:98-explorers-mapping-the-world:t12:o4:1 # text = No, Vikings led by Leif Erikson reached it about 500 years earlier 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 8 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 3 Vikings Viking PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 4 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Leif Leif PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl:agent _ _ 7 Erikson Erikson PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 flat _ _ 8 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 500 500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 earlier early ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 8 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lead** | participle | | Vikings *not said here* | | | | | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 2 | **reach** | past | Vikings | it | | | | early *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Explorers and how the world was mapped, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/t11/) - next →: [Explorers and how the world was mapped, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/t13/) - ↑ back to [Explorers and how the world was mapped](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/)