--- title: A paper plane stays up longer than a crumpled ball of the same paper… — Transport: from horses to planes · tree and pragmatics description: A paper plane stays up longer than a crumpled ball of the same paper. Why? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Transport: from horses to planes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/) / t6 # Test 6 · ★ · Transport: from horses to planes A paper plane stays up longer than a crumpled ball of the same paper. Why? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** paper plane · **What happens:** stay up, crumple This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 99 «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/#t6). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A paper plane stays up longer than a crumpled ball of the same paper. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:1 # text = A paper plane stays up longer than a crumpled ball of the same paper. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 stays stay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 4 advmod _ _ 7 than than ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 crumpled crumple VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stay up** | present | a paper plane | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **crumple** | participle | | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Why? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:2 # text = Why? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} The plane has a tiny engine inside ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:o1:1 # text = The plane has a tiny engine inside 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 inside inside ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the plane | a tiny engine | | | | inside *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Its wings push on the air as it moves ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:o2:1 # text = Its wings push on the air as it moves 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 push push VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 as as SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 moves move VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **push** | present | Its wings | | | | | on the air | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on air=Theme | | 2 | **move** | present | air | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} The ball has more gravity than the plane ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:o3:1 # text = The ball has more gravity than the plane 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 5 amod _ _ 5 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 than than ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 plane plane NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the ball | more gravity | | | | than the plane | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gravity=Patient | ### Option 4 {#o4} The paper becomes lighter when folded ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:99-transport-horses-to-planes:t6:o4:1 # text = The paper becomes lighter when folded 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 xcomp _ _ 5 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 6 folded fold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | present | the paper | | | | | light *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **fold** | participle | the paper *not said here* | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Transport: from horses to planes, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t5/) - next →: [Transport: from horses to planes, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/t7/) - ↑ back to [Transport: from horses to planes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/)