---
title: A widow is a woman whose husband has died, and a widower is a man wh… — When someone dies · tree and pragmatics
description: A widow is a woman whose husband has died, and a widower is a man whose wife has died. Who acts: widow, husband, widower, wife. A sentence of the lesson «When someone dies» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# When someone dies, sentence 18

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A widow is a woman whose husband has died, and a widower is a man whose wife has died.

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**Who acts:** widow, husband, widower, wife · **What happens:** be, die · **To what, where:** woman, man

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This is a sentence of the lesson «When someone dies» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (widow, husband, widower, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:adult-life:024-when-someone-dies.lesson:18
# text = A widow is a woman whose husband has died, and a widower is a man whose wife has died.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = adult-life
# lesson = 024-when-someone-dies.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	widower	widower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a widow | a woman and a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | present · perfect | husband |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a widower | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **die** | present · perfect | wife |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:024-when-someone-dies.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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