--- title: "Innocent until proven guilty" means a person is treated as innocent… — Police, courts and prison · tree and pragmatics description: "Innocent until proven guilty" means a person is treated as innocent until a court proves, with evidence, that they did the crime. Who acts: Innocent, court, courts. A sentence of the lesson «Police, courts and prison» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Adult life](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/) / [Police, courts and prison](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/) / 17 # Police, courts and prison, sentence 17 "Innocent until proven guilty" means a person is treated as innocent until a court proves, with evidence, that they did the crime. **Who acts:** Innocent, court, courts · **What happens:** prove, mean, treat, do · **To what, where:** person, crime · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Police, courts and prison» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Innocent, court, courts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:adult-life:030-police-courts-and-prison.lesson:17 # text = "Innocent until proven guilty" means a person is treated as innocent until a court proves, with evidence, that they did the crime. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = adult-life # lesson = 030-police-courts-and-prison.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Innocent innocent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 nsubj _ _ 3 until until ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 proven prove VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 obl _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 treated treat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 ccomp _ _ 12 as as ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 innocent innocent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 obl _ _ 14 until until SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 evidence evidence NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 that that SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 crime crime NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mean** | present | Innocent | | | | until proven guilty | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **treat** | present · passive | | a person | | | | as innocent | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as innocent=Attribute | | 4 | **prove** | present | a court | | | | | with evidence | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **do** | past | courts *= court* | the crime | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:030-police-courts-and-prison.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Police, courts and prison, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/16/) - next →: [Votes, parties and the people in charge, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/)