---
title: When someone gives a reason, like being ill, swapping it for a meane… — Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies · tree and pragmatics
description: When someone gives a reason, like being ill, swapping it for a meaner guess is cruel. Who acts: someone, reason, swapping. A sentence of the lesson «Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies, sentence 15

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When someone gives a reason, like being ill, swapping it for a meaner guess is cruel.

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**Who acts:** someone, reason, swapping · **What happens:** give, be, swap · **To what, where:** reason

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (someone, reason, swapping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:adult-life:047-viral-rumours-cancellations-fakes-and-apologies.lesson:15
# text = When someone gives a reason, like being ill, swapping it for a meaner guess is cruel.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = adult-life
# lesson = 047-viral-rumours-cancellations-fakes-and-apologies.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
9	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	swapping	swap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	csubj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	meaner	meaner	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
16	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=evaluate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | someone | a reason |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | a reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **swap** | gerund |  | reason |  |  |  | for a meaner guess | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme for guess=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | swapping |  |  |  |  | cruel *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:047-viral-rumours-cancellations-fakes-and-apologies.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes an…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/47-viral-rumours-cancellations-fakes-and-apologies/16/)
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