---
title: An overdraft lets you spend below zero, which is borrowing, and bank… — Cards, banks and apps · tree and pragmatics
description: An overdraft lets you spend below zero, which is borrowing, and banks charge high interest on it. Who acts: overdraft, you, banks. A sentence of the lesson «Cards, banks and apps» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Cards, banks and apps, sentence 12

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An overdraft lets you spend below zero, which is borrowing, and banks charge high interest on it.

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**Who acts:** overdraft, you, banks · **What happens:** let, spend, borrow, charge · **To what, where:** zero, high interest, overdraft

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Cards, banks and apps» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (overdraft, you, banks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:adult-life:007-cards-banks-and-apps.lesson:12
# text = An overdraft lets you spend below zero, which is borrowing, and banks charge high interest on it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = adult-life
# lesson = 007-cards-banks-and-apps.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	overdraft	overdraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
6	below	below	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	charge	charge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | a overdraft |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spend** | infinitive | you |  |  | zero |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **borrow** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **charge** | present | banks | high interest |  | overdraft |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location interest=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:007-cards-banks-and-apps.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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