--- title: Debt is money that has been borrowed and is still owed. — Borrowing and debt · tree and pragmatics description: Debt is money that has been borrowed and is still owed. Who acts: Debt. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowing and debt» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/8-borrowing-and-debt/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Adult life](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/) / [Borrowing and debt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/8-borrowing-and-debt/) / 0 # Borrowing and debt, sentence 0 Debt is money that has been borrowed and is still owed. **Who acts:** Debt · **What happens:** be, borrow, owe · **To what, where:** money This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowing and debt» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Debt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:adult-life:008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson:0 # text = Debt is money that has been borrowed and is still owed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = adult-life # lesson = 008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Debt debt NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:obj 5 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 borrowed borrow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl:relcl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 10 still still ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 owed owe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 conj _ _ 12 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Debt | money | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **borrow** | present · perfect · passive | | money | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **owe** | present · passive | | | | | still | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cards, banks and apps, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/7-cards-banks-and-apps/20/) - next →: [Borrowing and debt, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/8-borrowing-and-debt/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/adult-life/8-borrowing-and-debt/)