---
title: A loan means borrowing a set amount and paying it back in fixed amou… — Borrowing and debt · tree and pragmatics
description: A loan means borrowing a set amount and paying it back in fixed amounts plus interest, so the total cost is more than the price. Who acts: loan, total cost. A sentence of the lesson «Borrowing and debt» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Borrowing and debt, sentence 14

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A loan means borrowing a set amount and paying it back in fixed amounts plus interest, so the total cost is more than the price.

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**Who acts:** loan, total cost · **What happens:** mean, borrow, pay back, be · **To what, where:** set amount, amount, fixed amounts

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowing and debt» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loan, total cost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:adult-life:008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson:14
# text = A loan means borrowing a set amount and paying it back in fixed amounts plus interest, so the total cost is more than the price.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = adult-life
# lesson = 008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loan	loan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:ccomp
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	fixed	fixed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
15	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
24	than	than	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a loan |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **borrow** *not said to happen* | gerund | a loan *not said here* | a set amount |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme |
| 3 | **pay back** | gerund | a loan *not said here* | amount |  | fixed amounts plus interest |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset |
| 4 | **is** | present | the total cost |  |  |  |  | than the price; more *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:adult-life:008-borrowing-and-debt.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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