--- title: This is why it can say "I understand how you feel" in a kind voice:… — How a language model learns: guessing the next w… · tree and pragmatics description: This is why it can say "I understand how you feel" in a kind voice: kind people often write that. Who acts: This, chatbot, you, kind people. A sentence of the lesson «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the ai course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [AI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/) / [How a language model learns: guessing…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/) / 3 # How a language model learns: guessing the next word, sentence 3 This is why it can say "I understand how you feel" in a kind voice: kind people often write that. **Who acts:** This, chatbot, you, kind people · **What happens:** be, say, understand, feel, write · **To what, where:** that · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the ai course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, chatbot, you, kind people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:ai:002-guessing-the-next-word.lesson:3 # text = This is why it can say "I understand how you feel" in a kind voice: kind people often write that. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = ai # lesson = 002-guessing-the-next-word.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 why why ADV WRB PronType=Rel 0 root _ _ 4 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 5 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl:relcl _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 understand understand VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 10 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 11 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 feel feel VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 19 kind kind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 21 often often ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 write write VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 23 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 obj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | This | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | can | chatbot | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **understand** *in a quote* | present | chatbot | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **feel** *in a quote* | present | you | | | | | in a kind voice | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in voice=Attribute | | 5 | **write** | present | kind people | that | | | | often *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:ai:002-guessing-the-next-word.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How a language model learns: guessing…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/2/) - next →: [How a language model learns: guessing…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/)