--- title: Logic helps too: someone who always tells the truth can never say "I… — Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: Logic helps too: someone who always tells the truth can never say "I am a liar", and neither can someone who always lies, so if you hear it, the speaker is neither. Who acts: Logic, someone, you, speaker. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★» of the ai course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [AI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/) / [Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky mes…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/) / 4 # Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★, sentence 4 Logic helps too: someone who always tells the truth can never say "I am a liar", and neither can someone who always lies, so if you hear it, the speaker is neither. **Who acts:** Logic, someone, you, speaker · **What happens:** help, tell, not say, be, lie, hear · **To what, where:** truth, liar · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★» of the ai course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Logic, someone, you, speaker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:ai:032-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages.lesson:4 # text = Logic helps too: someone who always tells the truth can never say "I am a liar", and neither can someone who always lies, so if you hear it, the speaker is neither. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = ai # lesson = 032-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Logic logic NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 too too ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 5 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 13 nsubj _ _ 6 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 8 advmod _ _ 8 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 15 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 liar liar NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 ccomp _ _ 19 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc 22 neither neither ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 24 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 23 nsubj _ _ 25 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 26 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 27 advmod _ _ 27 lies lie VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 29 so so ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 30 if if SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 hear hear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 advcl _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 speaker speaker NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 38 neither neither ADV RB _ 2 parataxis _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | present | Logic | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | | the truth | | | | always *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | | 3 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | can | someone | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | someone | a liar | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **lie** | present | | | | | | always *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **hear** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | truth | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 7 | **is** | present | the speaker | | | | | neither *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:ai:032-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky mes…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/3/) - next →: [Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky mes…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/)