---
title: African music includes drums such as the djembe, string instruments… — Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar,… · tree and pragmatics
description: African music includes drums such as the djembe, string instruments like the kora, thumb pianos like the mbira of southern Africa, and many singing styles. Who acts: African music. A sentence of the lesson «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course
---

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# Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more, sentence 16

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African music includes drums such as the djembe, string instruments like the kora, thumb pianos like the mbira of southern Africa, and many singing styles.

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**Who acts:** African music · **What happens:** include · **To what, where:** drums

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African music), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:arts:010-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo.lesson:16
# text = African music includes drums such as the djembe, string instruments like the kora, thumb pianos like the mbira of southern Africa, and many singing styles.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = arts
# lesson = 010-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	djembe	djembe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kora	kora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	pianos	piano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mbira	mbira	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	singing	sing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:amod|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger
28	styles	style	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | African music | drums and string instruments like the kora and thumb pianos like the mbira of southern Africa and many singing styles |  |  |  | such the djembe | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:010-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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