---
title: Italian artists worked out the rules of perspective about 600 years… — Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you real… · tree and pragmatics
description: Italian artists worked out the rules of perspective about 600 years ago. Who acts: Italian artists, perspective. A sentence of the lesson «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / [Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing wha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/) / 12

# Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italian artists worked out the rules of perspective about 600 years ago.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Italian artists, perspective · **What happens:** work out, rule · **To what, where:** rules

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Italian artists, perspective), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:arts:012-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see.lesson:12
# text = Italian artists worked out the rules of perspective about 600 years ago.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = arts
# lesson = 012-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	perspective	perspective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	600	600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work out** | past | Italian artists | the rules of perspective |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |
| 2 | **rule** |  | perspective |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:012-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing wha…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/11/)
- next →: [Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing wha…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/13/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/)