--- title: A time signature is two numbers at the start: the top says how many… — Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm · tree and pragmatics description: A time signature is two numbers at the start: the top says how many beats are in each bar, the bottom says which kind of note gets one beat. Who acts: time signature, top, many beats, bottom. A sentence of the lesson «Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm» of the arts course of Mova's primary schoo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/) / 12 # Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, sentence 12 A time signature is two numbers at the start: the top says how many beats are in each bar, the bottom says which kind of note gets one beat. **Who acts:** time signature, top, many beats, bottom, kind · **What happens:** be, say, get · **To what, where:** start, bar, one beat · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time signature, top, many beats, bottom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:arts:002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson:12 # text = A time signature is two numbers at the start: the top says how many beats are in each bar, the bottom says which kind of note gets one beat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = arts # lesson = 002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 signature signature NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 5 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod:unmarked _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 start start NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:nsubj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 13 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 14 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 15 advmod _ _ 15 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 beats beat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 20 bar bar NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 ccomp _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 25 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 26 det _ _ 26 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 note note NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 ccomp _ _ 30 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 beat beat NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a time signature | | | the start | | two numbers *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the top | the start *not said here* | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent start=Topic | | 3 | **is** | present | many beats | | | each bar | | | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the bottom | each bar *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **get** | present | which kind of note | one beat | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beat=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/11/) - next →: [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/)