--- title: A sharp raises a note by a semitone, the smallest step on a piano; a… — Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm · tree and pragmatics description: A sharp raises a note by a semitone, the smallest step on a piano; a flat, which looks like a small b, lowers it by a semitone. Who acts: sharp, flat. A sentence of the lesson «Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm» of the arts course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/) / 15 # Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, sentence 15 A sharp raises a note by a semitone, the smallest step on a piano; a flat, which looks like a small b, lowers it by a semitone. **Who acts:** sharp, flat · **What happens:** raise, look, lower · **To what, where:** note, sharp This is a sentence of the lesson «Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharp, flat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:arts:002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson:15 # text = A sharp raises a note by a semitone, the smallest step on a piano; a flat, which looks like a small b, lowers it by a semitone. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = arts # lesson = 002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:det 2 sharp sharp NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 raises raise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 note note NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 semitone semitone NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 smallest small ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 12 amod _ _ 12 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 piano piano NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 flat flat NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 22 like like ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 b B NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 lowers lower VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 by by ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 semitone semitone NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise** | present | a sharp | a note | | | | by a semitone | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent note=Theme by semitone=Destination | | 2 | **look** | present | a flat | | | | | like a small b | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **lower** | present | a flat | sharp | | | | by a semitone | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme by semitone=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:002-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/14/) - next →: [Reading music: notes, beats and rhythm, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/2-reading-music-notes-beats-and-rhythm/)