---
title: The oldest surviving camera photograph, by Nicéphore Niépce in Franc… — Photography and phone cameras · tree and pragmatics
description: The oldest surviving camera photograph, by Nicéphore Niépce in France around 1826 or 1827, needed hours or even days of exposure. Who acts: oldest surviving camera photograph. A sentence of the lesson «Photography and phone cameras» of the arts course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/14/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / [Photography and phone cameras](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/) / 14

# Photography and phone cameras, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oldest surviving camera photograph, by Nicéphore Niépce in France around 1826 or 1827, needed hours or even days of exposure.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** oldest surviving camera photograph · **What happens:** survive, need

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Photography and phone cameras» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oldest surviving camera photograph), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:arts:020-photography-and-phone-cameras.lesson:14
# text = The oldest surviving camera photograph, by Nicéphore Niépce in France around 1826 or 1827, needed hours or even days of exposure.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = arts
# lesson = 020-photography-and-phone-cameras.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
3	surviving	survive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
4	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Nicéphore	Nicéphore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:appos
9	Niépce	Niépce	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1826	1826	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	1827	1827	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass
18	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **need** | past | the oldest surviving camera photograph by Nicéphore in France around 1826 |  |  |  | hour |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:020-photography-and-phone-cameras.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Photography and phone cameras, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/13/)
- next →: [Photography and phone cameras, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/15/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/20-photography-and-phone-cameras/)