--- title: Silent films, from before about 1927, had no recorded talking, so ac… — How films are made: script, crew, sets, editing · tree and pragmatics description: Silent films, from before about 1927, had no recorded talking, so actors used big faces and movements; words were shown on cards and music was often played live in the cinema. Who acts: Silent films, actors. A sentence of the lesson «How films are made: script, crew, sets, editing» of the arts cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/22-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / [How films are made: script, crew, sets…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/22-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing/) / 15 # How films are made: script, crew, sets, editing, sentence 15 Silent films, from before about 1927, had no recorded talking, so actors used big faces and movements; words were shown on cards and music was often played live in the cinema. **Who acts:** Silent films, actors · **What happens:** have, record, use, show, play · **To what, where:** recorded talking, big faces, words, cards, music, cinema This is a sentence of the lesson «How films are made: script, crew, sets, editing» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Silent films, actors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:arts:022-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing.lesson:15 # text = Silent films, from before about 1927, had no recorded talking, so actors used big faces and movements; words were shown on cards and music was often played live in the cinema. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = arts # lesson = 022-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 films film NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 4 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 before before ADV RB _ 7 obl _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 7 1927 1927 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 9 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 12 det _ _ 11 recorded record VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ _ 12 talking talking NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 14 so so ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 15 actors actor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 17 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 movements movement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 shown show VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 parataxis _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 cards card NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 music music NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 30 often often ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 played play VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 conj _ _ 32 live live ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 cinema cinema NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:obl 36 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Silent films 1927 | no recorded talking | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talking=Patient | | 2 | **record** | participle | | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **use** | past | actors | big faces and movements | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient | | 4 | **show** | past · passive | | words | | cards | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 5 | **play** | past · passive | | music | | the cinema | | live, often *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:022-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How films are made: script, crew, sets…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/22-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing/14/) - next →: [Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, com…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/22-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing/)