--- title: Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons», a lesson of the arts course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Animation is a lovely trick on your brain: lots of still pictures, each a tiny bit different, are shown so fast that you --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/) / Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, com… # Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons Lesson 23 of the arts course of Mova's primary school: 17 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/0/) — Animation is a lovely trick on your brain: lots of still pictures, each a tiny bit different, are shown so fast that your eyes and brain blend them into movement. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/1/) — Draw a stick man in the corner of every page of a notebook, moving his arm a little each time, then flick the pages: he waves, though no single drawing moves at all. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/2/) — Cartoons are made in three main ways: drawn by hand, made from models moved a tiny bit between photos (stop-motion), or built and moved inside a computer. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/3/) — All three are slow: one second of cartoon can need a dozen or more pictures, so a few seconds can take an animator a whole day. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/4/) — People say it their own way: "class" or "proper class" means brilliant in Ireland and Britain, "ya muppet" is a cheeky "you silly", and "jittery" means shaky and jumpy. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/5/) — A flipbook shows how animation works: still pictures shown quickly look like movement. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/6/) — Cartoons often use 12 to 24 pictures for every second of film; each single still picture is called a frame. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/7/) — Stop-motion means moving models a tiny bit, taking a photo, and repeating; Wallace and Gromit are made this way with plasticine by the British studio Aardman. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/8/) — Classic cartoons were drawn by hand, often on clear sheets called cels. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/9/) — Toy Story, made by Pixar in 1995, was the first full-length film made entirely by computer animation. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/10/) — Even with computers, animators still decide every movement; the computer does not make the art by itself. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/11/) — Studio Ghibli, a Japanese studio co-founded by Hayao Miyazaki, is famous for hand-drawn films such as My Neighbor Totoro and Spirited Away, which won an Oscar. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/12/) — Stop-motion looks jumpy if the camera moves, the light changes or the table is bumped, so animators fix the camera on a stand called a tripod. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/13/) — Many TV cartoons are written in one country and drawn in another, often in South Korea, Japan or the Philippines. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/14/) — Ukraine has a long cartoon history: a Kyiv studio made the silly Cossacks cartoons from the 1960s to the 1990s. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/15/) — Many cartoon characters, like Mickey Mouse and the Simpsons, have four fingers because it is quicker to draw and looks clearer. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/16/) — Cartoons break the rules of physics on purpose to be funny, like running off a cliff and falling only after looking down. - ← previous: [How films are made: script, crew, sets, editing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/22-how-films-are-made-script-crew-sets-editing/) - next →: [Voices, sound and music in films and cartoons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/24-voices-sound-and-music-in-films-and-cartoons/) - ↑ back to [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/arts/)