---
title: Instruments are sorted into families by HOW they make their sound, n… — Instrument families: strings, wind, brass, percu… · tree and pragmatics
description: Instruments are sorted into families by HOW they make their sound, not by what they are made of: strings shake strings, woodwinds use breath across an edge or on a reed, brass players buzz their lips, and percussion is hit, shaken or scraped. Who acts: Instruments, strings, woodwinds, brass players.
---

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# Instrument families: strings, wind, brass, percussion, keys, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Instruments are sorted into families by HOW they make their sound, not by what they are made of: strings shake strings, woodwinds use breath across an edge or on a reed, brass players buzz their lips, and percussion is hit, shaken or scraped.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Instruments, strings, woodwinds, brass players · **What happens:** sort, make, shake, use, buzz, hit · **To what, where:** Instruments, families, sound, strings, breath, edge

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Instrument families: strings, wind, brass, percussion, keys» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Instruments, strings, woodwinds, brass players), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:arts:009-instrument-families-strings-wind-brass-percussion-keys.lesson:0
# text = Instruments are sorted into families by HOW they make their sound, not by what they are made of: strings shake strings, woodwinds use breath across an edge or on a reed, brass players buzz their lips, and percussion is hit, shaken or scraped.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = arts
# lesson = 009-instrument-families-strings-wind-brass-percussion-keys.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2
1	Instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	sorted	sort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	conj	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	obl	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	shake	shake	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:conj
23	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct
25	woodwinds	woodwind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
27	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	across	across	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	reed	reed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct
36	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
38	buzz	buzz	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
39	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
43	percussion	percussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
47	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:advcl
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	scraped	scrape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	47	conj	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | present · passive |  | Instruments |  |  |  | into families *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme into family=Goal |
| 2 | **make** | present | Instruments *= instrument* | Instruments's sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 3 | **make** | present · passive |  | Instruments *= instrument* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **shake** | present | strings | strings |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent string=Patient |
| 5 | **use** | present | woodwinds | breath |  | a edge or a reed |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Patient |
| 6 | **buzz** | present | brass players | players's lips |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lip=Theme |
| 7 | **hit** | present · passive |  | percussion |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 8 | **shake** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 9 | **scrape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:arts:009-instrument-families-strings-wind-brass-percussion-keys.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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