--- title: Barn swallows build cup nests of mud and grass under roofs, and thos… — What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitti… · tree and pragmatics description: Barn swallows build cup nests of mud and grass under roofs, and those that nest in Britain fly about 10,000 km to southern Africa for the winter, often returning to the same barn. Who acts: Barn swallows, those. A sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [What a habitat is: home, food, shelter…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/) / 15 # What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in, sentence 15 Barn swallows build cup nests of mud and grass under roofs, and those that nest in Britain fly about 10,000 km to southern Africa for the winter, often returning to the same barn. **Who acts:** Barn swallows, those · **What happens:** build, nest, fly, return · **To what, where:** cup nests, roofs, Britain, 10,000 km, southern Africa This is a sentence of the lesson «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Barn swallows, those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:15 # text = Barn swallows build cup nests of mud and grass under roofs, and those that nest in Britain fly about 10,000 km to southern Africa for the winter, often returning to the same barn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Barn barn NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 swallows swallow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 build build VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 nests nest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 10 under under ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 roofs roof NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 12 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 14 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:det|HaikuPos=DET:DT:Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:det|HaikuPos=DET:DT:Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 nest nest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:nmod 19 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 20 about about ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 21 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 km km NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 southern southern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 often often ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 returning return VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 32 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 barn barn NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | present | Barn swallows | cup nests of mud and grass | | roofs | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product | | 2 | **nest** | present | | | | Britain | | | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **fly** | present | those | 10,000 km | southern Africa | | winter | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result | | 4 | **return** | gerund | those *not said here* | | | | | to the same barn *result*; often *property* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to barn=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:001-what-a-habitat-is.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What a habitat is: home, food, shelter…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/14/) - next →: [What a habitat is: home, food, shelter…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/)