---
title: A pond is a jungle in miniature: at a pond-dipping tray you can watc… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics
description: A pond is a jungle in miniature: at a pond-dipping tray you can watch a dragonfly larva shoot out its hinged jaw and grab a tadpole, while a pond skater walks on the water's stretchy skin above. Who acts: pond, you, pond skater. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology cours
---

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# Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pond is a jungle in miniature: at a pond-dipping tray you can watch a dragonfly larva shoot out its hinged jaw and grab a tadpole, while a pond skater walks on the water's stretchy skin above.

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**Who acts:** pond, you, pond skater · **What happens:** be, dip, watch, shoot out, hinge, grab · **To what, where:** jungle, miniature, dipping tray, hinged jaw, tadpole, stretchy skin

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pond, you, pond skater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:1
# text = A pond is a jungle in miniature: at a pond-dipping tray you can watch a dragonfly larva shoot out its hinged jaw and grab a tadpole, while a pond skater walks on the water's stretchy skin above.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	miniature	miniature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	_
13	dipping	dip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	dragonfly	dragonfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	larva	larva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	shoot	shoot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	hinged	hinge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	grab	grab	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	tadpole	tadpole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	skater	skater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod:poss	_	_
39	's	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	stretchy	stretchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
42	above	above	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pond | a jungle |  | miniature |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **watch** | can | you |  |  | a dipping tray |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **shoot out** | infinitive | you *not said here* | tray's hinged jaw |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Theme |
| 5 | **hinge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **grab** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a tadpole |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme |
| 7 | **walk** | present | a pond skater |  |  | the water's stretchy skin |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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