--- title: Water is heaviest at about 4 degrees Celsius, so it sinks to the bot… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics description: Water is heaviest at about 4 degrees Celsius, so it sinks to the bottom of a lake while colder water and ice float on top, and fish survive under the ice. Who acts: Water, colder water, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rivers, lakes and ponds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/) / 12 # Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 12 Water is heaviest at about 4 degrees Celsius, so it sinks to the bottom of a lake while colder water and ice float on top, and fish survive under the ice. **Who acts:** Water, colder water, fish · **What happens:** be, sink, float, survive · **To what, where:** 4 degrees, top, ice This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, colder water, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:12 # text = Water is heaviest at about 4 degrees Celsius, so it sinks to the bottom of a lake while colder water and ice float on top, and fish survive under the ice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 heaviest heavy ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 0 root _ _ 4 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 about about ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 Celsius Celsius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod:unmarked _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 sinks sink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 lake lake NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 while while SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 20 colder cold ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ _ 21 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 float float VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 survive survive VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj 31 under under ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Water | | | 4 degrees Celsius | | heavy *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **sink** | present | water | | | | | to the bottom of a lake | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **float** | present | colder water and ice | | | top | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Trajectory | | 4 | **survive** | present | fish | | | the ice | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under ice=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/11/) - next →: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/)