---
title: Great crested newts live on land for much of the year, wrap each egg… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics
description: Great crested newts live on land for much of the year, wrap each egg in a folded leaf in a pond in spring, are protected by law in the UK and do best in ponds without fish, because fish eat their eggs and young. Who acts: Great crested newts, law, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and po
---

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# Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great crested newts live on land for much of the year, wrap each egg in a folded leaf in a pond in spring, are protected by law in the UK and do best in ponds without fish, because fish eat their eggs and young.

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**Who acts:** Great crested newts, law, fish · **What happens:** live, wrap, fold, protect, do, eat · **To what, where:** land, egg, folded leaf, UK, ponds, eggs

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great crested newts, law, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:15
# text = Great crested newts live on land for much of the year, wrap each egg in a folded leaf in a pond in spring, are protected by law in the UK and do best in ponds without fish, because fish eat their eggs and young.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	crested	crest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	newts	newt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:amod
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct
13	wrap	wrap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	folded	fold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl:agent	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
35	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	34	advmod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
38	without	without	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:obl
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
42	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
43	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	advcl	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	conj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Great crested newts |  |  | land |  | for much of the year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location |
| 2 | **wrap** | present | Great crested newts *not said here* | each egg |  | a folded leaf |  | in a pond in spring | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in leaf=Destination |
| 3 | **fold** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **protect** | present · passive | law |  |  | the UK |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **do** | present | law *not said here* |  |  | ponds without fish |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **eat** | present | fish | fish's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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