--- title: Cartoons often show river otters floating on their backs and smashin… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics description: Cartoons often show river otters floating on their backs and smashing shells on a stone on their tummy; that trick belongs to sea otters, which also hold paws while they sleep so they do not drift apart. Who acts: Cartoons, river otters, trick, sea otters. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rivers, lakes and ponds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/) / 4 # Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 4 Cartoons often show river otters floating on their backs and smashing shells on a stone on their tummy; that trick belongs to sea otters, which also hold paws while they sleep so they do not drift apart. **Who acts:** Cartoons, river otters, trick, sea otters · **What happens:** show, float, smash, belong, hold, sleep · **To what, where:** river otters, backs, shells, stone, paws This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cartoons, river otters, trick, sea otters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:4 # text = Cartoons often show river otters floating on their backs and smashing shells on a stone on their tummy; that trick belongs to sea otters, which also hold paws while they sleep so they do not drift apart. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Cartoons cartoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 often often ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 floating float VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 acl _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 backs back NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 smashing smash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 12 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 tummy tummy NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ _ 21 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 belongs belong VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 29 nsubj _ _ 28 also also ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 acl:relcl _ _ 30 paws paw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 while while SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 34 so so SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 35 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 36 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 37 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 38 drift drift VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:advcl 39 apart apart ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | Cartoons | | river otters | | | often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent otter=Recipient | | 2 | **float** | gerund | river otters *not said here* | | | Cartoons's backs | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory | | 3 | **smash** | gerund | river otters *not said here* | shells | | a stone on Cartoons's tummy | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent shell=Theme on stone=Destination | | 4 | **belong** | present | that trick | | | | | to sea otters | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hold** | present | sea otters | paws | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme | | 6 | **sleep** | present | Cartoons *= cartoon* | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **not** **drift apart** | present · do-support | Cartoons *= cartoon* | | | | | apart *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/3/) - next →: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/)