--- title: The kingfisher dives head-first from a perch and its dagger beak ent… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics description: The kingfisher dives head-first from a perch and its dagger beak enters the water with little splash; Japanese engineers shaped a bullet train's nose like it to make the train quieter in tunnels. Who acts: kingfisher, dagger beak, Japanese engineers. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rivers, lakes and ponds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/) / 6 # Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 6 The kingfisher dives head-first from a perch and its dagger beak enters the water with little splash; Japanese engineers shaped a bullet train's nose like it to make the train quieter in tunnels. **Who acts:** kingfisher, dagger beak, Japanese engineers · **What happens:** dive, enter, shape, make · **To what, where:** head, perch, water, nose, train This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingfisher, dagger beak, Japanese engineers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:6 # text = The kingfisher dives head-first from a perch and its dagger beak enters the water with little splash; Japanese engineers shaped a bullet train's nose like it to make the train quieter in tunnels. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 dives dive VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 6 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advmod 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 perch perch NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 dagger dagger NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 enters enter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 splash splash NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 Japanese Japanese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 engineers engineer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 shaped shape VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 bullet bullet NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 train train NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod:poss _ _ 27 's 's PART POS _ 26 case _ _ 28 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 29 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 train train NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 quieter quieter ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 32 xcomp _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:obl 38 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dive** | present | kingfisher | the head | | a perch | | first *property* | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from perch=Location | | 2 | **enter** | present | kingfisher's dagger beak | the water | | | | with little splash | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination | | 3 | **shape** | past | Japanese engineers | a bullet train's nose | | | | like kingfisher | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nose=Product | | 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | Japanese engineers *not said here* | the train | | | | quieter *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset train=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/5/) - next →: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/)