--- title: Otters close their ears and nostrils underwater, keep warm with thic… — Rivers, lakes and ponds · tree and pragmatics description: Otters close their ears and nostrils underwater, keep warm with thick, air-trapping fur, and sea otters, not river otters, crack shells with stones while floating on their backs. Who acts: Otters, sea otters. A sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rivers, lakes and ponds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/) / 8 # Rivers, lakes and ponds, sentence 8 Otters close their ears and nostrils underwater, keep warm with thick, air-trapping fur, and sea otters, not river otters, crack shells with stones while floating on their backs. **Who acts:** Otters, sea otters · **What happens:** close, keep, trap, crack, float · **To what, where:** ears, shells, backs This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and ponds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otters, sea otters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:8 # text = Otters close their ears and nostrils underwater, keep warm with thick, air-trapping fur, and sea otters, not river otters, crack shells with stones while floating on their backs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 close close VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 nostrils nostril NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 7 underwater underwater ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 10 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 12 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 16 trapping trap VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 17 fur fur NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 20 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 21 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 24 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 27 crack crack VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 28 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 while while SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 32 floating float VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 33 on on ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 backs back NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **close** | present | Otters | otters's ears and nostrils | | | | underwater *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 2 | **keep** | infinitive | Otters *not said here* | | | | | with thick trapping fur; warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **trap** | gerund | | | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **crack** | present | sea otters and river otters | shells | | | | with stones | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shell=Patient with stone=Instrument | | 5 | **float** | gerund | sea otters and river otters *not said here* | | | otters's backs | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:010-rivers-lakes-and-ponds.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/7/) - next →: [Rivers, lakes and ponds, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/10-rivers-lakes-and-ponds/)