--- title: Sea otters eat sea urchins that eat kelp; when otters were hunted al… — Sea lions, seals and otters · tree and pragmatics description: Sea otters eat sea urchins that eat kelp; when otters were hunted almost to extinction for fur, urchins spread and kelp forests vanished in places. Who acts: Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, kelp forests. A sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sea lions, seals and otters](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/) / 13 # Sea lions, seals and otters, sentence 13 Sea otters eat sea urchins that eat kelp; when otters were hunted almost to extinction for fur, urchins spread and kelp forests vanished in places. **Who acts:** Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, kelp forests · **What happens:** eat, hunt, spread, vanish · **To what, where:** sea urchins, kelp, otters, places This is a sentence of the lesson «Sea lions, seals and otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, kelp forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:13 # text = Sea otters eat sea urchins that eat kelp; when otters were hunted almost to extinction for fur, urchins spread and kelp forests vanished in places. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 kelp kelp NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 10 when when SCONJ WRB _ 13 mark _ _ 11 otters otter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 12 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 hunted hunt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 14 almost almost ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 extinction extinction NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 fur fur NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 urchins urchin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:conj 21 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 kelp kelp NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 vanished vanish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | Sea otters | sea urchins | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | present | sea urchins | kelp | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Patient | | 3 | **hunt** | past · passive | | otters | | | | to extinction; for fur | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for fur=Theme | | 4 | **spread** | past | urchins | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **vanish** | past | kelp forests | | | places | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sea lions, seals and otters, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/12/) - next →: [Sea lions, seals and otters, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/)