--- title: Each animal has its own way of living on the savanna: the giraffe ea… — The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhin… · tree and pragmatics description: Each animal has its own way of living on the savanna: the giraffe eats leaves high up where nobody else reaches, the zebra and the white rhino graze the grass, and antelopes nibble and run. Who acts: animal, own way, giraffe, nobody. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/) / 1 # The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 1 Each animal has its own way of living on the savanna: the giraffe eats leaves high up where nobody else reaches, the zebra and the white rhino graze the grass, and antelopes nibble and run. **Who acts:** animal, own way, giraffe, nobody, zebra, antelopes · **What happens:** have, live, eat up, reach, graze, nibble · **To what, where:** own way, savanna, leaves, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, own way, giraffe, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:1 # text = Each animal has its own way of living on the savanna: the giraffe eats leaves high up where nobody else reaches, the zebra and the white rhino graze the grass, and antelopes nibble and run. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 of of SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 8 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 savanna savanna NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 giraffe giraffe NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 16 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 high high ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 18 up up ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 19 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 22 advmod _ _ 20 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 22 nsubj _ _ 21 else else ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 reaches reach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl:relcl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 zebra zebra NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 rhino rhino NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 30 graze graze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 antelopes antelope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 nibble nibble VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 run run VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | each animal | animal's own way | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient | | 2 | **live** | gerund | animal's own way *not said here* | | | the savanna | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on savanna=Location | | 3 | **eat up** | present | the giraffe | leaves | | | | high *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | | 4 | **reach** | present | nobody | | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **graze** | infinitive | the zebra and the white rhino | the grass | | | | | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Experiencer | | 6 | **nibble** | present | antelopes | | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **run** | present | antelopes *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/0/) - next →: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/)