--- title: Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same stuff as hair and fingernail… — The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhin… · tree and pragmatics description: Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same stuff as hair and fingernails; it is no medicine, but people who wrongly think it is pay poachers who kill rhinos for it. Who acts: horn, people, pay poachers. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/) / 10 # The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 10 Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same stuff as hair and fingernails; it is no medicine, but people who wrongly think it is pay poachers who kill rhinos for it. **Who acts:** horn, people, pay poachers · **What happens:** make, be, think, kill · **To what, where:** Rhino horn, medicine, pay poachers, rhinos · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horn, people, pay poachers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:10 # text = Rhino horn is made of keratin, the same stuff as hair and fingernails; it is no medicine, but people who wrongly think it is pay poachers who kill rhinos for it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Rhino Rhino PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 horn horn NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 keratin keratin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 11 as as ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 fingernails fingernail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 18 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 19 det _ _ 19 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 but but CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 23 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:dep 24 wrongly wrongly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 28 pay pay ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 poachers poacher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 ccomp _ _ 30 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 kill kill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _ 32 rhinos rhino NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Rhino horn | | | | of keratin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **is a** | present | horn | no medicine | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | people | | | | | wrongly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | horn | pay poachers | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **kill** | present | pay poachers | rhinos | | | | for rhino | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhino=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/9/) - next →: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/)