---
title: Poaching and war killed nearly all northern white rhinos; the last m… — The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhin… · tree and pragmatics
description: Poaching and war killed nearly all northern white rhinos; the last male, Sudan, died in 2018, so only two females are left, and scientists are trying to make new calves from frozen cells with southern white rhinos as mothers. Who acts: Poaching, last male, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «The A
---

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# The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 11

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Poaching and war killed nearly all northern white rhinos; the last male, Sudan, died in 2018, so only two females are left, and scientists are trying to make new calves from frozen cells with southern white rhinos as mothers.

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**Who acts:** Poaching, last male, scientists · **What happens:** kill, die, leave, try, make, freeze · **To what, where:** northern white rhinos, two females, new calves, frozen cells

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poaching, last male, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:11
# text = Poaching and war killed nearly all northern white rhinos; the last male, Sudan, died in 2018, so only two females are left, and scientists are trying to make new calves from frozen cells with southern white rhinos as mothers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2
1	Poaching	poach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
17	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
22	only	only	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
34	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	amod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=38:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
38	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	with	with	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
41	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
43	as	as	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past | Poaching and war | all northern white rhinos |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhino=Theme |
| 2 | **die** | past | the last male |  |  |  |  | in 2018 | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 2018=Attribute |
| 3 | **leave** | present · passive |  | two females |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **try** | present · progressive | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | scientists *not said here* | new calves |  | frozen cells with southern white rhinos |  | as mothers | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset calf=Product from cell=Material |
| 6 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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