--- title: A giraffe must spread its front legs wide to drink, because its neck… — The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhin… · tree and pragmatics description: A giraffe must spread its front legs wide to drink, because its neck cannot reach the ground with straight legs, and special valves in its neck stop blood rushing to its head when it bends. Who acts: giraffe, neck, special valves, blood. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/) / 6 # The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 6 A giraffe must spread its front legs wide to drink, because its neck cannot reach the ground with straight legs, and special valves in its neck stop blood rushing to its head when it bends. **Who acts:** giraffe, neck, special valves, blood · **What happens:** spread, drink, not reach, stop, rush, bend · **To what, where:** front legs, ground, blood This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giraffe, neck, special valves, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:6 # text = A giraffe must spread its front legs wide to drink, because its neck cannot reach the ground with straight legs, and special valves in its neck stop blood rushing to its head when it bends. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 8 wide wide ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 12 because because SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 15 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 17 advmod _ _ 17 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 straight straight ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nmod 23 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=17:punct 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 25 special special ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 valves valve NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 31 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 32 rushing rush VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 acl _ _ 33 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 38 advmod _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 bends bend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | must | a giraffe | tongue's front legs | | | | wide *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme | | 2 | **drink** | to-infinitive | a giraffe *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **not** **reach** | can | tongue's neck | the ground | | | | with straight legs | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ground=Theme | | 4 | **stop** | present | special valves in neck's neck | blood | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality blood=Eventuality | | 5 | **rush** | gerund | blood *not said here* | | | | | to neck's head *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to head=Result | | 6 | **bend** | present | neck | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/5/) - next →: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/)