--- title: Zebra skin is dark under the hair, so scientists usually describe a… — The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhin… · tree and pragmatics description: Zebra skin is dark under the hair, so scientists usually describe a zebra as black with white stripes, and every zebra has its own stripe pattern, which helps a foal know its mother. Who acts: Zebra skin, scientists, zebra, own stripe pattern. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: gira --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/) / 8 # The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes, sentence 8 Zebra skin is dark under the hair, so scientists usually describe a zebra as black with white stripes, and every zebra has its own stripe pattern, which helps a foal know its mother. **Who acts:** Zebra skin, scientists, zebra, own stripe pattern, foal, skin · **What happens:** be, describe, have, help, know, pattern · **To what, where:** hair, zebra, own stripe pattern, mother This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zebra skin, scientists, zebra, own stripe pattern), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:8 # text = Zebra skin is dark under the hair, so scientists usually describe a zebra as black with white stripes, and every zebra has its own stripe pattern, which helps a foal know its mother. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Zebra zebra NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 under under ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 10 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 11 usually usually ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 describe describe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 zebra zebra NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 as as ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 obl _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 23 zebra zebra NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 26 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 27 stripe stripe NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 pattern pattern NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 foal foal NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 35 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Zebra skin | | | the hair | | dark *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **describe** | present | scientists | a zebra | | | | as black; usually *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent zebra=Theme as black=Attribute | | 3 | **have** | present | every zebra | skin's own stripe pattern | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient | | 4 | **help** | present | skin's own stripe pattern | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **know** | infinitive | a foal | skin's mother | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer mother=Stimulus | | 6 | **pattern** | | skin | | | | | | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/7/) - next →: [The African savanna area: giraffes, ze…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/101-the-african-savanna-area-giraffes-zebras-rhinos/)