--- title: A hippo looks lazy and round, but it opens its mouth wide enough to… — The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostr… · tree and pragmatics description: A hippo looks lazy and round, but it opens its mouth wide enough to fit a child, walks along the bottom of the pool because it cannot really swim, and guards its water so fiercely that it is one of the most dangerous animals to people in Africa. Who acts: hippo. A sentence of the lesson «The African --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/) / 1 # The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 1 A hippo looks lazy and round, but it opens its mouth wide enough to fit a child, walks along the bottom of the pool because it cannot really swim, and guards its water so fiercely that it is one of the most dangerous animals to people in Africa. **Who acts:** hippo · **What happens:** look, open, fit, walk, not swim, guard · **To what, where:** mouth, child, bottom, water, one This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hippo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:1 # text = A hippo looks lazy and round, but it opens its mouth wide enough to fit a child, walks along the bottom of the pool because it cannot really swim, and guards its water so fiercely that it is one of the most dangerous animals to people in Africa. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hippo hippo NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 lazy lazy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 but but CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 opens open VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 wide wide ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 enough enough ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 fit fit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 advcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 walks walk VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 21 along along ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 pool pool NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 because because SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 31 really really ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 guards guard VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 36 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 fiercely fiercely ADV RB Degree=Pos 35 advmod _ _ 40 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 39 ccomp _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 46 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 47 advmod _ _ 47 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nmod _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nmod _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | present | a hippo | | | | | lazy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **open** | present | hippo | hippo's mouth | | | | enough *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme | | 3 | **fit** | to-infinitive | hippo *not said here* | a child | | | | | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | | 4 | **walk** | present | hippo *not said here* | | | the bottom of the pool | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory | | 5 | **not** **swim** | can | hippo | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **guard** | present | hippo *not said here* | hippo's water | | | | fiercely *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Beneficiary | | 7 | **is a** | present | hippo | one | | | | of the dangerous animals to people in Africa | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/0/) - next →: [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/)