--- title: Spotted hyenas giggle when nervous or excited and whoop to call the… — The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostr… · tree and pragmatics description: Spotted hyenas giggle when nervous or excited and whoop to call the clan; they catch most of their own food, lions often steal from them, and their clans are led by females, which are bigger than males. Who acts: Spotted hyenas, tusks, lions, females. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna ar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/) / 15 # The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 15 Spotted hyenas giggle when nervous or excited and whoop to call the clan; they catch most of their own food, lions often steal from them, and their clans are led by females, which are bigger than males. **Who acts:** Spotted hyenas, tusks, lions, females · **What happens:** spot, giggle, call, catch, steal, lead · **To what, where:** clan, most, clans · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spotted hyenas, tusks, lions, females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:15 # text = Spotted hyenas giggle when nervous or excited and whoop to call the clan; they catch most of their own food, lions often steal from them, and their clans are led by females, which are bigger than males. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Spotted spot VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 2 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound 3 giggle giggle NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 5 nervous nervous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 excited excited ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 whoop whoop NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:acl 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 clan clan NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 catch catch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 17 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 16 obj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 23 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 24 often often ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 steal steal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 26 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 clans clan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 34 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl:agent _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 39 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 acl:relcl _ _ 40 than than ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spot** | participle | | | | | | | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | | 2 | **giggle** | | Spotted hyenas | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **call** | to-infinitive | | the clan | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent clan=Recipient | | 4 | **catch** | present | tusks *= tusk* | most of tusks's own food | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme | | 5 | **steal** | present | lions | | | | | from tusks *= tusk*; often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **lead** | present · passive | females | tusks's clans | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 7 | **is** | present | females | | | | | than males; big *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/14/) - next →: [The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, e…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/)