--- title: A hippo can open its mouth to about 150 degrees as a warning to riva… — The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostr… · tree and pragmatics description: A hippo can open its mouth to about 150 degrees as a warning to rivals, and its long lower tusks grow all its life and are for fighting, because hippos eat grass. Who acts: hippo, long lower tusks, hippos. A sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/) / 4 # The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas, sentence 4 A hippo can open its mouth to about 150 degrees as a warning to rivals, and its long lower tusks grow all its life and are for fighting, because hippos eat grass. **Who acts:** hippo, long lower tusks, hippos · **What happens:** open, grow, fight, eat · **To what, where:** mouth, 150 degrees, life, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «The African savanna area: hippos, meerkats, ostriches, wild dogs and hyenas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hippo, long lower tusks, hippos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:4 # text = A hippo can open its mouth to about 150 degrees as a warning to rivals, and its long lower tusks grow all its life and are for fighting, because hippos eat grass. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hippo hippo NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 open open VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 150 150 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 11 as as ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 rivals rival NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 19 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 20 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 23 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 25 det:predet _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 24 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 29 fighting fight VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 because because SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 32 hippos hippo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 34 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **open** | can | a hippo | hippo's mouth | 150 degrees | | | as a warning to rivals | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient to degree=Recipient | | 2 | **grow** | present | hippo's long lower tusks | hippo's life | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location life=Theme | | 3 | **fight** | present · progressive | hippo's long lower tusks *not said here* | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **eat** | present | hippos | grass | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/3/) - next →: [The African savanna area: hippos, meer…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/102-the-african-savanna-area-hippos-meerkats-ostriches/)